Seems you already tried everything and things gets more and more frustrated.
When I've setup mine, I had a wrong cable, wrong DOF setup - and to make things worse, at that time was even a bug in DOF. I was near to get crazy.
If you reached that state, maybe it makes sense to start from scratch.
Take the Teensy and connect it to your notebook (or another computer, not the pin), so you can start from scratch.
On that computer, install Teensy IDE (free software), go to
https://www.pjrc.com...eensyduino.html
to learn how to install and set it up.
Then follow this tutorial to use the "blink" code:
https://www.pjrc.com...y/tutorial.html
This will make the internal LED from the Teensy blink. If that happens, you know your Teensy is fine, your setup is correct, your computer can talk to it.
Now jump over all other tutorials, directly going to LEDs with OctoWS2811:
https://www.pjrc.com...OctoWS2811.html
Reading the first 20-30% of that page should give you a better understanding how these strange thing works.
Read till "BasicTest Example Program"
To follow this test, you might connect just a rest of your strip, like 5-10 leds, directly to your Teensy (via OctoWS2811 modul). For up to 15 there is no need for external power supply, but it will not hurt either.
In any case, there is no need of DOF, cabinet.xml, configuration. You just need correct wiring and the example code.
If that works, take the Teensy back to your cabinet and connect it there. Keep the test code in the Teensy, just connect power.
The ledstrips should work. If no, you have an issue with wiring!
If yes, your cable, power supply, etc, is correct - and you have an issue with DOF setup.
So yes, all this works only help you to validate that wiring is ok or not and if it is DOF or not, it does not show directly where your error is.
But it seems you already spend a lot of time for trial&error, maybe a step by step process could speed things up.