I have the same issue as you - everytime I upgrade Windows 10 (every 6 months there is a feature release. Last was in March (1703 Creator Update), which was automatically pushed to all Windows 10 computer by now. So your machine might simply has updated itself.
Then this happens, Windows 10 makes in fact a new installation and then a data migration.
As the PinDMD2 driver is not having a signature, it is removed, device seems to be dead. It shows on startup the picture, but Windows does not find it. That's what you describe, so I don't think the device itself is dead.
When the next update arrives in October I know that I get the same problem again. Get's boring, I'm close to trash the device and switch to Pin2DMD, as they are actively updating the driver and firmware.
I know that PinDMD2 can be set back to live, but everytime I need 30 minutes trying around before I'm able to make it work. Require several reboots, looks like voodoo. In fact, it is just needing the right steps with the reboot at the right time, but as I'm not sure about that, it is more trial&error.
PinDMD2 uses "libusb". Google for libusb, Windows 10, signed driver.
You find ways to use replacement drivers - or reboot Windows in a unsecure way (allowing to use unsigned drivers). I did not tried unsigned drivers for security reasons, I always tried to use replacement drivers which worked, even with some hassle.
If you want to try replacement drivers, google for "Zadig". It's free software and it worked for me, but always need a while.
Good luck